\documentclass{tufte-handout}

%\geometry{showframe}% for debugging purposes -- displays the margins

\usepackage{amsmath}

% Set up the images/graphics package
\usepackage{graphicx}
\setkeys{Gin}{width=\linewidth,totalheight=\textheight,keepaspectratio}
\graphicspath{{graphics/}}

\title{An Example of the Usage of the Tufte-Handout Style\thanks{Inspired by Edward~R. Tufte!}}
\author[The Tufte-LaTeX Developers]{The Tufte-\LaTeX\ Developers}
\date{24 January 2009}  % if the \date{} command is left out, the current date will be used

% The following package makes prettier tables.  We're all about the bling!
\usepackage{booktabs}

% The units package provides nice, non-stacked fractions and better spacing
% for units.
\usepackage{units}

% The fancyvrb package lets us customize the formatting of verbatim
% environments.  We use a slightly smaller font.
\usepackage{fancyvrb}
\fvset{fontsize=\normalsize}

% Small sections of multiple columns
\usepackage{multicol}

% Provides paragraphs of dummy text
\usepackage{lipsum}

% These commands are used to pretty-print LaTeX commands
\newcommand{\doccmd}[1]{\texttt{\textbackslash#1}}% command name -- adds backslash automatically
\newcommand{\docopt}[1]{\ensuremath{\langle}\textrm{\textit{#1}}\ensuremath{\rangle}}% optional command argument
\newcommand{\docarg}[1]{\textrm{\textit{#1}}}% (required) command argument
\newenvironment{docspec}{\begin{quote}\noindent}{\end{quote}}% command specification environment
\newcommand{\docenv}[1]{\textsf{#1}}% environment name
\newcommand{\docpkg}[1]{\texttt{#1}}% package name
\newcommand{\doccls}[1]{\texttt{#1}}% document class name
\newcommand{\docclsopt}[1]{\texttt{#1}}% document class option name

\begin{document}

\maketitle% this prints the handout title, author, and date

\begin{abstract}
\noindent This document describes the Tufte handout \LaTeX\ document style.
It also provides examples and comments on the style's use.
\end{abstract}

%\printclassoptions

The Tufte-\LaTeX\ document classes define a style similar to the
style Edward Tufte uses in his books and handouts.  Tufte's style is known
for its extensive use of sidenotes, tight integration of graphics with
text, and well-set typography.  This document aims to be at once a
demonstration of the features of the Tufte-\LaTeX\ document classes
and a style guide to their use.

\section{Page Layout}\label{sec:page-layout}
\subsection{Headings}\label{sec:headings}
This style provides \textsc{a}- and \textsc{b}-heads (that is,
\Verb|\section| and \Verb|\subsection|), demonstrated above.

If you need more than two levels of section headings, you'll have to define
them yourself at the moment;\sidenote{See the ``\nameref{sec:defining-sections}'' on
page~\pageref{sec:defining-sections} for help with defining more heading
levels.} there are no pre-defined styles for anything below a
\Verb|\subsection|.  As Bringhurst points out in \textit{The Elements of
Typographic Style},\cite{Bringhurst2005} you should ``use as many levels of
headings as you need: no more, and no fewer.''

The Tufte-\LaTeX\ classes will emit an error if you try to use
\linebreak\Verb|\subsubsection| and smaller headings.

%\medskip
%\begin{fullwidth}
%\begin{Verbatim}
%! Package tufte-handout Error: \subsubsection is undefined by this class.
%(tufte-handout)                See Robert Bringhurst's _The Elements of 
%(tufte-handout)                Typographic Style_, section 4.2.2. 
%(tufte-handout)                \subsubsection was used.
%\end{Verbatim}
%\end{fullwidth}
%\medskip

% let's start a new thought -- a new section
\newthought{In his later books},\cite{Tufte2006} Tufte
starts each section with a bit of vertical space, a non-indented paragraph,
and sets the first few words of the sentence in \textsc{small caps}.  To
accomplish this using this style, use the \Verb|\newthought| command:  
\begin{docspec}
  \doccmd{newthought\{In his later books\}, Tufte starts\ldots}
\end{docspec}

\subsection{Sidenotes}\label{sec:sidenotes}
One of the most prominent and distinctive features of this style is the
extensive use of sidenotes.  There is a wide margin to provide ample room
for sidenotes and small figures.  Any \Verb|\footnote|s will automatically
be converted to sidenotes.\footnote{This is a sidenote that was entered
using the \texttt{\textbackslash footnote} command.}  If you'd like to place ancillary
information in the margin without the sidenote mark (the superscript
number), you can use the \Verb|\marginnote| command.\marginnote{This is a
margin note.  Notice that there isn't a number preceding the note, and
there is no number in the main text where this note was written.}

The specification of the \Verb|\sidenote| command is:
\begin{docspec}
  \doccmd{sidenote[\docopt{number}][\docopt{offset}]\{\docarg{Sidenote text.}\}}
\end{docspec}

Both the \docopt{number} and \docopt{offset} arguments are optional.  If you
provide a \docopt{number} argument, then that number will be used as the
sidenote number.  It will change of the number of the current sidenote only and
will not affect the numbering sequence of subsequent sidenotes.

Sometimes a sidenote may run over the top of other text or graphics in the
margin space.  If this happens, you can adjust the vertical position of the
sidenote by providing a dimension in the \docopt{offset} argument.  Some
examples of valid dimensions are:
\begin{docspec}
  \ttfamily 1.0in \qquad 2.54cm \qquad 254mm \qquad 6\Verb|\baselineskip|
\end{docspec}
If the dimension is positive it will push the sidenote down the page; if the
dimension is negative, it will move the sidenote up the page.

While both the \docopt{number} and \docopt{offset} arguments are optional, they
must be provided in order.  To adjust the vertical position of the sidenote
while leaving the sidenote number alone, use the following syntax:
\begin{docspec}
  \doccmd{sidenote[][\docopt{offset}]\{\docarg{Sidenote text.}\}}
\end{docspec}
The empty brackets tell the \Verb|\sidenote| command to use the default
sidenote number.

If you \emph{only} want to change the sidenote number, however, you may
completely omit the \docopt{offset} argument:
\begin{docspec}
  \doccmd{sidenote[\docopt{number}]\{\docarg{Sidenote text.}\}}
\end{docspec}

The \Verb|\marginnote| command has a similar \docarg{offset} argument:
\begin{docspec}
  \doccmd{marginnote[\docopt{offset}]\{\docarg{Margin note text.}\}}
\end{docspec}

\subsection{References}
References are placed alongside their citations as sidenotes,
as well.  This can be accomplished using the normal \Verb|\cite|
command.\sidenote{The first paragraph of this document includes a citation.}

The complete list of references may also be printed automatically by using
the \Verb|\bibliography| command.  (See the end of this document for an
example.)  If you do not want to print a bibliography at the end of your
document, use the \Verb|\nobibliography| command in its place.  

To enter multiple citations at one location,\cite[-3\baselineskip]{Tufte2006,Tufte1990} you can
provide a list of keys separated by commas and the same optional vertical
offset argument: \Verb|\cite{Tufte2006,Tufte1990}|.  
\begin{docspec}
  \doccmd{cite[\docopt{offset}]\{\docarg{bibkey1,bibkey2,\ldots}\}}
\end{docspec}

\section{Figures and Tables}\label{sec:figures-and-tables}
Images and graphics play an integral role in Tufte's work.
In addition to the standard \docenv{figure} and \docenv{tabular} environments,
this style provides special figure and table environments for full-width
floats.

Full page--width figures and tables may be placed in \docenv{figure*} or
\docenv{table*} environments.  To place figures or tables in the margin,
use the \docenv{marginfigure} or \docenv{margintable} environments as follows
(see figure~\ref{fig:marginfig}):

\begin{marginfigure}%
  \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{helix}
  \caption{This is a margin figure.  The helix is defined by 
    $x = \cos(2\pi z)$, $y = \sin(2\pi z)$, and $z = [0, 2.7]$.  The figure was
    drawn using Asymptote (\url{http://asymptote.sf.net/}).}
  \label{fig:marginfig}
\end{marginfigure}
\begin{Verbatim}
\begin{marginfigure}
  \includegraphics{helix}
  \caption{This is a margin figure.}
\end{marginfigure}
\end{Verbatim}

The \docenv{marginfigure} and \docenv{margintable} environments accept an optional parameter \docopt{offset} that adjusts the vertical position of the figure or table.  See the ``\nameref{sec:sidenotes}'' section above for examples.  The specifications are:
\begin{docspec}
  \doccmd{begin\{marginfigure\}[\docopt{offset}]}\\
  \qquad\ldots\\
  \doccmd{end\{marginfigure\}}\\
  \mbox{}\\
  \doccmd{begin\{margintable\}[\docopt{offset}]}\\
  \qquad\ldots\\
  \doccmd{end\{margintable\}}\\
\end{docspec}

Figure~\ref{fig:fullfig} is an example of the \Verb|figure*|
environment and figure~\ref{fig:textfig} is an example of the normal
\Verb|figure| environment.

\begin{figure*}[h]
  \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{sine.pdf}%
  \caption{This graph shows $y = \sin x$ from about $x = [-10, 10]$.
  \emph{Notice that this figure takes up the full page width.}}%
  \label{fig:fullfig}%
\end{figure*}

\begin{figure}
  \includegraphics{hilbertcurves.pdf}
%  \checkparity This is an \pageparity\ page.%
  \caption{Hilbert curves of various degrees $n$.
  \emph{Notice that this figure only takes up the main textblock width.}}
  \label{fig:textfig}
  %\zsavepos{pos:textfig}
\end{figure}

Table~\ref{tab:normaltab} shows table created with the \docpkg{booktabs}
package.  Notice the lack of vertical rules---they serve only to clutter
the table's data.

\begin{table}[ht]
  \centering
  \fontfamily{ppl}\selectfont
  \begin{tabular}{ll}
    \toprule
    Margin & Length \\
    \midrule
    Paper width & \unit[8\nicefrac{1}{2}]{inches} \\
    Paper height & \unit[11]{inches} \\
    Textblock width & \unit[6\nicefrac{1}{2}]{inches} \\
    Textblock/sidenote gutter & \unit[\nicefrac{3}{8}]{inches} \\
    Sidenote width & \unit[2]{inches} \\
    \bottomrule
  \end{tabular}
  \caption{Here are the dimensions of the various margins used in the Tufte-handout class.}
  \label{tab:normaltab}
  %\zsavepos{pos:normaltab}
\end{table}

\section{Full-width text blocks}

In addition to the new float types, there is a \docenv{fullwidth}
environment that stretches across the main text block and the sidenotes
area.

\begin{Verbatim}
\begin{fullwidth}
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet...
\end{fullwidth}
\end{Verbatim}

\begin{fullwidth}
\small\itshape\lipsum[1]
\end{fullwidth}

\section{Typography}\label{sec:typography}

\subsection{Typefaces}\label{sec:typefaces}
If the Palatino, \textsf{Helvetica}, and \texttt{Bera Mono} typefaces are installed, this style
will use them automatically.  Otherwise, we'll fall back on the Computer Modern
typefaces.

\subsection{Letterspacing}\label{sec:letterspacing}
This document class includes two new commands and some improvements on
existing commands for letterspacing.

When setting strings of \allcaps{ALL CAPS} or \smallcaps{small caps}, the
letter\-spacing---that is, the spacing between the letters---should be
increased slightly.\cite{Bringhurst2005}  The \Verb|\allcaps| command has proper letterspacing for
strings of \allcaps{FULL CAPITAL LETTERS}, and the \Verb|\smallcaps| command
has letterspacing for \smallcaps{small capital letters}.  These commands
will also automatically convert the case of the text to upper- or
lowercase, respectively.

The \Verb|\textsc| command has also been redefined to include
letterspacing.  The case of the \Verb|\textsc| argument is left as is,
however.  This allows one to use both uppercase and lowercase letters:
\textsc{The Initial Letters Of The Words In This Sentence Are Capitalized.}


\section{Customization}\label{sec:customization}
\subsection{Document class options}\label{sec:options}
The \doccls{tufte-handout} class is based on the \LaTeX\ \doccls{article}
document class.  Therefore, you can pass any of the typical article
options.  There are a few options that are specific to the
\doccls{tufte-handout} document class, however.

The \docclsopt{a4paper} option will set the paper size to \smallcaps{A4} instead of
the default \smallcaps{US} letter size.

The \docclsopt{sfsidenotes} option will set the sidenotes and title block in a 
\textsf{sans serif} typeface instead of the default roman.

The \docclsopt{twoside} option will modify the running heads so that the page
number is printed on the outside edge (as opposed to always printing the page
number on the right-side edge in \docclsopt{oneside} mode).  

The \docclsopt{symmetric} option typesets the sidenotes on the outside edge of
the page.  This is how books are traditionally printed, but is contrary to
Tufte's book design which sets the sidenotes on the right side of the page.
This option implicitly sets the \docclsopt{twoside} option.

The \docclsopt{justified} option sets all the text fully justified (flush left
and right).  The default is to set the text ragged right.  
The body text of Tufte's books are set ragged right.  This prevents
needless hyphenation and makes it easier to read the text in the slightly
narrower column.

\subsection{Defining new sections}\label{sec:defining-sections}
As mentioned in the ``\nameref{sec:headings}'' section (see
page~\pageref{sec:headings}), the \doccls{tufte\-handout} document class only
defines \doccmd{section} and \doccmd{subsection} headings.  

We use the \docpkg{titlesec} package to define the appearance of the headings.
To modify an existing section or to add a new section, see the documentation of
the \docpkg{titlesec} package.


\section{Installation}\label{sec:installation}
To install the Tufte-\LaTeX\ classes, simply drop the
following files into the same directory as your \texttt{.tex}
file:
\begin{quote}
  \ttfamily
  tufte-common.sty\\
  tufte-handout.cls\\
  tufte-book.cls
\end{quote}

% TODO add instructions for installing it globally


\section{Support}\label{sec:support}

\subsection{Package Dependencies}\label{sec:dependencies}
The following is a list of packages that the Tufte-\LaTeX\ document
classes rely upon.  Packages marked with an asterisk are optional.
\begin{multicols}{2}
\begin{itemize}
  \item xifthen
  \item ifpdf*
  \item ifxetex*
  \item hyperref
  \item geometry
  \item ragged2e
  \item chngpage \emph{or} changepage
  \item paralist
  \item textcase
  \item soul*
  \item letterspace*
  \item setspace
  \item natbib \emph{and} bibentry
  \item optparams
  \item placeins
  \item mathpazo*
  \item helvet*
  \item fontenc
  \item beramono*
  \item fancyhdr
  \item xcolor
  \item textcomp
  \item titlesec
  \item titletoc
\end{itemize}
\end{multicols}

\subsection{Tufte-\LaTeX\ Website}\label{sec:website}
The website for the Tufte-\LaTeX\ packages is located at
\url{http://code.google.com/p/tufte-latex/}.  On our website, you'll find
links to our \smallcaps{svn} repository, mailing lists, bug tracker, and documentation.

\bibliography{sample-handout}
\bibliographystyle{plainnat}



\end{document}
